Structural parts, housings and mid-frames, small die-cast parts, connectors and heat sinks are made on drill & tap centers, where the machining time per part is short, so manual loading and unloading take up too high a share of the cycle; machines stand in rows, so one operator per machine costs a lot of labor. Appearance requirements are strict and manual handling produces scratches, which is why the gripping method and the contact points are fixed at proposal stage. The usual answers are drill & tap center tending, vision-guided flexible feeding, one-to-two cells and in-line inspection.